Main Ref. | Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper, 2010 |
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Remarks | Known from mid-waters of open oceans (Ref. 843). Occurs in epipelagic, mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones, following the general cranchiid pattern of ontogenetic descent. By full growth, animals have descended into the bathypelagic zone beyond 2,000 m depth, where maturation and mating occur. No evidence currently exists for diel vertical migration (Ref. 97142). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Norman, M., 2003 |
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Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Passarella, K.C. and T.L. Hopkins, 1991 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Passarella, K.C. and T.L. Hopkins, 1991 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.50 | 0.80 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. |