Main Ref. | Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper (eds.), 2005 |
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Remarks | Epibenthic (Ref. 116259). Shelf species on silt, sand or muddy substrates. Active during night. Forages in seaweed and seagrass beds (Ref. 1695, page 106). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand; silt; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Norman, M., 2003 |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Kangas, M.I., S. Morrison, P. Unsworth, E. Lai, I. Wright and A. Thomson, 2006 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Kangas, M.I., S. Morrison, P. Unsworth, E. Lai, I. Wright and A. Thomson, 2006 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |