Main Ref. | Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper (eds.), 2005 |
---|---|
Remarks | Found in sandy and muddy substrate along coasts, in depths between 27 and 376 m, often in areas colonized by the seagrass, Posidonia oceanica. A benthic, gregarious species; able to leave the bottom and undergo significant vertical migrations. Spawning may commence as early as spring and through autumn in the Mediterranean. In aquaria, females were observed to spawn intermittently over a 2-week period and then died. Frequently captured as a bycatch of trawl and purse seine fisheries and may be an abundant component of bobtails marketed locally (Ref. 1695). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | Benthic; Pelagic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper (eds.), 2005 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. | Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper (eds.), 2005 |
Ref. | Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper (eds.), 2005 |
---|---|
Associations | commensalism; |
Associated with | Posidonia oceanica; |
Association remarks | Preferentially inhabits coastal areas colonized by this Mediterranean seagrass species (Ref. 1695). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |