Main Ref. | Williams, A.B., L.G. Abele, D.L. Felder, H.H. Hobbs Jr., R.B. Manning, P.A. McLaughlin and I. Pérez Farfante, 1988 |
---|---|
Remarks |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | Pelagic; |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | Pérez Farfante, I. and B. Kensley, 1997 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.27 | 0.34 | Troph of juv./adults. | ||
From individual food items | 3.40 | 0.32 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Hopkins, T.L., M.E. Flock, J.V. Gartner and J.J. Torres, 1994 |