Main Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1980 |
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Remarks | Occurs at depths of 50 to 450 m with juveniles common at 50 to 100 m (Ref. 8). Inhabits sand and mud bottoms. Feeds on benthic organisms (polychaetes, small crustaceans and mollusks (Ref. 434). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer, 1999 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Crosnier, A. and J. Forest, 1969 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | polychaetes, small crustaceans and mollusks | ||||
From individual food items | 3.41 | 0.44 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Fischer, W., G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.), 1981 |