Main Ref. | Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper (eds.), 2005 |
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Remarks | Migrates from 550 to 1000 meters during the day, and 100 to 300 meters at night (Ref. 106682). Young is captured at depths 1,000 to 1,750 m, which suggests that females lay eggs on bottom of continental slopes (Ref. 1695). Dead shells washed up on the beaches often in large numbers (Ref. 88739). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Springsteen, F.J. and F.M. Leobrera, 1986 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Ohkouchi, N., R. Tsuda, Y. Chikaraishi and K. Tanabe, 2013 |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 2.50 | Trophic level was estimated to be 2.5-2.8 based on amino acid nitrogen isotopic analysis. | |||
From individual food items | 3.26 | 0.40 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Ohkouchi, N., R. Tsuda, Y. Chikaraishi and K. Tanabe, 2013 |