Ref. principal | SAUP Database, 2006 |
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Notas | A coastal species (Ref. 356), found in the beach, shoreline, islands and pelagic zone (Ref. 116102). Primarily forages inshore. In the North Sea off the east coast of Scotland and northern England, they are known to partially feed on the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus. Breeding pairs share incubation and chick-rearing duties in nesting colonies (Ref. 95711). Displays dipping behavior (Ref. 356). They surface-feed by scooping prey from the water and carry it in their bills. Adults feed their chicks with regurgitated food (Ref. 95711). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Daunt, F., S. Wanless, P.R. Simon, H.J. Greenstreet, K.R. Hamer and M.P. Harris, 2008 |
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Associations | colony-forming/symphorism; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Form nesting colonies (Ref. 95711). |
Parasitism |
Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Daunt, F., S. Wanless, P.R. Simon, H.J. Greenstreet, K.R. Hamer and M.P. Harris, 2008 |
Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Daunt, F., S. Wanless, P.R. Simon, H.J. Greenstreet, K.R. Hamer and M.P. Harris, 2008 |
Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Da composição da dieta | 4.43 | 0.78 | Troph of recruits/juv.. | ||
Dos itens alimentares individuais | 4.30 | 0.92 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Safina, C., R.H. Wagner, D.A. Witting and K.J. Smith, 1990 |