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Ecology of Sula sula
 
Main Ref. SAUP Database, 2006
Remarks Found <200 m offshore, over deep waters (Ref. 356). Colonial breeder in trees on marine islands. Gregarious; freely approaches ships, undertaking long foraging trips (Ref. 91362). Exhibits plunge diving (Ref. 356). Maturity at past 2 to 3 years (Ref. 91362).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Sula sula may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref. Harrison, P., 1987
Associations colony-forming/symphorism;
Associated with
Association remarks Colonial breeder.
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Karpouzi, V.S., 2005
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref. Karpouzi, V.S., 2005

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method original sample unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition
From individual food items 4.40 0.93 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.
Ref. [ e.g. 3742]
Glossary [ e.g. cnidaria]
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