Main Ref. | SAUP Database, 2006 |
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Remarks | Found along continental shelf and coastal waters. Exhibits plunge diving behavior (Ref. 356). Ritualized displays and vocalizations in the colony during breeding season include duetting bouts which may last for up to 30 minutes. In the Bering Sea and Alaska, the 1997-1998 ENSO event caused half the breeding population to desert their eggs and breeding success of those that bred reduced to 57% (Ref. 87784). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.17 | 0.76 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |