Main Ref. | Hwang, J.-S. and J.T. Turner, 1995 |
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Remarks | Neritic, oceanic surface, epipelagic (Ref. 111077). Tropical to temperate waters. Generates a feeding current and filters suspended particles (Ref. 115365). Omnivorous but primarily opportunistic herbivores (Refs. 115366, 129013). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Hwang, J.-S. and J.T. Turner, 1995 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Wu, C.H., H.U. Dahms, E.J. Buskey, J.R. Strickler and J.S. Hwang, 2010 |
Feeding habit | filtering plankton |
Feeding habit Ref. | Han, B. and Z. Liu, 2011 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 2.51 | 0.19 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |