Main Ref. | Ng, P.K.L., 1998 |
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Remarks | Found along the neritic zone (Ref. 97241). Inhabits shallow non-reef habitat with soft substrates (Ref. 106854), and intertidal mudflats (Ref. 128960). Estuarine (Ref. 106854). Prefers areas near mangroves, on mangrove swamps per se (Ref. 8752) or with muddy-rocky substrates (Ref. 343) in intertidal platforms (Ref. 8752). Also found in reef areas. A free-living predatory carnivore (Refs. 97241, 128960). Feeds mainly on slow-moving invertebrates colonizing mangrove swamps; also a scavenger (Ref. 8752). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Fishelson, L., 1971 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Tweedie, M.W.F., 1950 |
Ref. | Ng, P.K.L., 1998 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Monteforte, M., 1987 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Monteforte, M., 1987 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.41 | 0.42 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |