Main Ref. | Lindley, J.A., S.D. Batten, K.O. Coyle and A.I. Pinchuk, 2004 |
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Remarks | Epipelagic (Ref. 78014). Shows mainly carnivorous feeding habit, with trophic level (=2.9) based on δ15N values (Ref. 118314). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Lindley, J.A., S.D. Batten, K.O. Coyle and A.I. Pinchuk, 2004 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Kim, H.S., A. Yamaguchi and T. Ikeda, 2010 |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 2.68 | 0.30 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |