Main Ref. | Schneider, W., 1990 |
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Remarks | Demersal, neritic (Ref. 112172). Occurs from the surface to a depth of 2500 m (Ref. 2614). Juveniles feed mainly on fishes while adults consume crustaceans (Ref. 112351). Migrates to offshore waters during winter; spawning is thought to occur in the continental slope (Ref. 2614). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Schneider, W., 1990 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Schneider, W., 1990 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Quetglas, A., F. Alemany, A. Carbonell, P. Merella and P. Sánchez, 1999 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Quetglas, A., F. Alemany, A. Carbonell, P. Merella and P. Sánchez, 1999 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.19 | 0.56 | Troph of juv./adults. | ||
From individual food items | 4.40 | 0.92 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Rosas-Luis, R., R. Villanueva and P. Sánchez, 2014 |