Ecology Summary - Tonna dolium

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Ecology of Tonna dolium

Main Ref.	Poutiers, J.M., 1998
Remarks	On fine sand and mud bottoms (Refs. 821, 126564). Common at depths of about 10 m or more. In Hawaii, it is found on the outer edge of fringing reefs, at depths of more than 30 m.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Tonna dolium may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand ( fine, ); mud;
Substrate Ref.	Springsteen, F.J. and F.M. Leobrera, 1986
Special habitats	Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Poutiers, J.M., 1998
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Raut, D., T. Ganesh, N.V.S.S. Murty and A.V. Raman, 2005
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Raut, D., T. Ganesh, N.V.S.S. Murty and A.V. Raman, 2005

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.

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