Ecology Summary - Tonna pennata

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Ecology of Tonna pennata

Main Ref.	Rodríguez-Sevilla, L., R. Vargas and J. Cortés, 2009
Remarks	This species is found on offshore coral reefs and cienaga facies, particularly on coral, rock and sand habitats (Ref. 83934). Also on seagrass (Ref. 109264).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Tonna pennata may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.	Rodríguez-Sevilla, L., R. Vargas and J. Cortés, 2009
Special habitats	Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.	Rodríguez-Sevilla, L., R. Vargas and J. Cortés, 2009

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn and E.F. Garcia, 2009
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.

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