Ecology Summary - Valoniopsis pachynema

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Ecology of Valoniopsis pachynema

Main Ref.	Norris, J.N. and K.E. Bucher, 1982
Remarks	Occurs on lee side of reef crests among sand and coral rubble at depths between 1 to 2 m (Ref. 87157).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Valoniopsis pachynema may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: sessile; Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rubble;
Substrate Ref.	Norris, J.N. and K.E. Bucher, 1982
Special habitats	Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.	Norris, J.N. and K.E. Bucher, 1982

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.

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