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Ecology Summary - Varuna litterata
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Ecology of Varuna litterata
 
Main Ref. Ng, P.K.L., 1998
Remarks Inhabits fresh and brackish waters (Ref. 77016). Generally estuarine; prefers areas faced by more oceanic waters. They prefer slow-moving or almost stagnant bodies of water. Species can be found up to 20 km from the sea in completely fresh water. Large or ovigerous specimens can be found in intertidal areas, frequently associated with floating clumps of brown algae, Sargassum spp. (Ref. 343).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Varuna litterata may be found.

Habitat

Substrate Benthic; Soft Bottom
Substrate Ref. CRUSTA, 2012
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref. Ng, P.K.L., 1998
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method original sample unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.
Ref. [ e.g. 3742]
Glossary [ e.g. cnidaria]
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