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Ecology of Verruca spengleri
 
Main Ref. Wirtz, P., R. Araújo and A.J. Southward, 2006
Remarks Common in dark places from low water level downwards, under stones and on the walls of caves (Ref. 2767).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Verruca spengleri may be found.

Habitat

Substrate Benthic: sessile; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref. Wirtz, P., R. Araújo and A.J. Southward, 2006
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method original sample unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.
Ref. [ e.g. 3742]
Glossary [ e.g. cnidaria]
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