Ecology Summary - Vitreledonella richardi

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Ecology of Vitreledonella richardi

Main Ref.	Jereb, P., C.F.E. Roper, M.D. Norman and J.K. Finn, 2014
Remarks	Found in mesobathypelagic waters of tropical and subtropical regions (Ref. 115077). Depth range from near the surface to at least 1,000 m, typically over deep water (beyond the continental shelf) (Ref. 96968). Thought to be found mostly near islands and sea mounts (Ref. 115077). Video sequences from submersibles suggest that the male envelops the female within his webs during mating. Females are thought to brood their eggs within their arm crown (Ref. 96968). Faint and less developed beak could be a sign of soft-bodied prey diet of early stages (Ref. 115077).

Main Ref.

Jereb, P., C.F.E. Roper, M.D. Norman and J.K. Finn, 2014

Remarks

Found in mesobathypelagic waters of tropical and subtropical regions (Ref. 115077). Depth range from near the surface to at least 1,000 m, typically over deep water (beyond the continental shelf) (Ref. 96968). Thought to be found mostly near islands and sea mounts (Ref. 115077). Video sequences from submersibles suggest that the male envelops the female within his webs during mating. Females are thought to brood their eggs within their arm crown (Ref. 96968). Faint and less developed beak could be a sign of soft-bodied prey diet of early stages (Ref. 115077).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Vitreledonella richardi may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats	Other habitats: seamounts;
Special habitats Ref.	Sajikumar, K.K., V. Venkatesan, R. Jeyabaskaran, A. Muhammed and K.S. Mohamed, 2016

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.

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