Ecology of Zoothamnium niveum
| Main Ref. | Rinke, C., S. Schmitz-Esser, K. Stoecker, A.D. Nussbaumer, D.A. Molna´r, K. Vanura, M. Wagner, M. Horn, J.A. Ott and M. Bright, 2006 |
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| Remarks | It inhabits mangrove peat walls in groups of more than 100 colonies, with an estimated group life of approximately 20 days, mainly in areas where microbial surface mat has been destroyed (Ref. 87022). It is found attached to a substrate, particularly in subtidal areas where sulfide sources are present. Large colonies are observed on garbage bags and rotting vegetables found in mangrove ponds. Generally is occupies ephemeral habitats where it is patchily distributed (Ref. 85814). The peritrich ciliate is a filter feeder, and its microzooids possess a fully developed oral ciliature and cytopharynx (Ref. 87023). |
Aquatic zones / Water bodies
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Habitat
| Substrate | Benthic; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
Associations
| مرجع | Rinke, C., S. Schmitz-Esser, K. Stoecker, A.D. Nussbaumer, D.A. Molna´r, K. Vanura, M. Wagner, M. Horn, J.A. Ott and M. Bright, 2006 |
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| Associations | symbiosis; |
| Associated with | It is in obligatory association with ectosymbiotic bacteria which is responsible for the ciliate's brilliant white color. |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
feeding
| Feeding type | |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | |
| Feeding habit | filtering plankton |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Røy, H., K. Vopel, M. Huettel and B.B. Jørgensen, 2009 |
Trophic Level(s)
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | |||||
| مرجع | |||||