| Family: |
Toxopneustidae () |
| Max. size: |
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| Environment: |
benthic; marine; depth range 2 - 130 m |
| Distribution: |
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea: from Ireland to the English Channel (French coast) to Spain, into the entire Mediterranean, to Morocco and Gulf of Guinea, including the islands of Azores, Madeira, Canary and Cape Verde. Temperate and subtropical. |
| Diagnosis: |
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| Biology: |
Maximum depth from Ref. 106595. Intertidal (Ref. 106595) to sublittoral (Ref. 106593). Found on rocky shores (Refs. 106372, 106591, 106593, 106597). Also on grounds consisting of gravel encrusted with calcareous red algae (Ref. 106597). Herbivorous grazer (Ref. 106997). Grazes on encrusting coralline algae on rocks, on dead Posidonia oceanica leaves and their epiphytes, and on the rhizomes and roots of the seagrass when accessible (Ref. 106595). Scrapes the external part of rhizomes and consumes the roots entirely (Ref. 106997). Bioeroder since it feeds on any coralline substrate (Ref. 106598). |
| IUCN Red List Status: |
Not Evaluated (N.E.) Ref. 123251)
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| Threat to humans: |
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| Country info: |
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Source and more info: www.sealifebase.org. For personal, classroom, and other internal use only. Not for publication.
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