References Used for Species of Virgulariidae
 
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[ n = 30 ] 
RefNo
 Description
Allen, M.J., T. Mikel, D.. Cadien, J.E. Kalman, E.T. Jarvis, K.C. Schiff, D.W. Diehl, S.L. Moore, S. Walther, G. Deets, C. Cash, S. Watts, D.J. Pondella, V. Raco-Rands, C. Thomas, R. Gartman, L. Sabin, W. Power, A. Groce, J. Armstrong, 2007 Appendix F - Glossary and Nomenclature. http://ftp.sccwrp.org/pub/download/DOCUMENTS/TechnicalReports/505_Appendix_F.pdf [Accessed 31/05/2017].
Bisby, F.A., M.A. Ruggiero, K.L. Wilson, M. Cachuela-Palacio, S.W. Kimani, Y.R. Roskov, A. Soulier-Perkins and J. van Hertum, 2005 Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2005 Annual Checklist. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Branch, G.M., C.L. Griffiths, M.L. Branch and L. Beckley, 2005 Two oceans: a guide to marine life in southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 360 p.
Cairns, S.D. and F.M. Bayer, 2009 Octocorallia (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico. pp. 321-331 In Felder, D.L.; Camp, D.K. (eds.) Gulf of Mexico - Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas.
Cairns, S.D., D.R. Calder, A. Brinckmann-Voss, C.B. Castro, D.G. Fautin, P.R. Pugh, C.E. Mills, W.C. Jaap, M.N. Arai, S.H.D. Haddock and D.M. Opresko, 2003 Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophore, Second Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, no,28. XI+115.
Garilao, N., 2014 Baltic Sea species list. Personal communication, 25 April 2014. Provided excel file.
Gotshall, D.W., 2005 Guide to marine invertebrates: Alaska to Baja California, 2nd ed. (revised). Sea Challengers. 117 p.
HELCOM, 2012 Checklist of Baltic Sea macro-species. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 130, 206p.
Imahara, Y. and Namikawa H., 2018 Preliminary report on the octocorals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Ogasawara Islands. Mem. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, 52:65-94.
Lamb, A., D. Gibbs and C. Gibbs, 2011 Strait of Georgia biodiversity in relation to bull kelp abundance. Pacific Fisheries Resource Conservation Council, 111p.
Macdonald, T.A., B.J. Burd, V.I. Macdonald and A. van Roodselaar, 2010 Taxonomic and feeding guild classification for the marine benthic macroinvertebrates of the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2874:62p.
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 1998 Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN). http://www.marlin.ac.uk [accessed 22/08/2008].
MarineSpecies.org, 2050 MarineSpecies.org. http://www.marinespecies.org/index.php
National General Status Working Group, 2017 Standardized common names for wild species in Canada. http://www.wildspecies.ca [Accessed 07/11/2019].
OBIS, 2015 Virgularia gustaviana (Herklots, 1863). OBIS Search Interface. http://www.iobis.org/mapper/ [Accessed 6/16/2015].
OBIS, 2015 Virgularia juncea (Pallas, 1766). OBIS Search Interface. http://www.iobis.org/mapper/ [Accessed 6/16/2015].
Rezaei, Z., A. Movahedinia, N. Salamat and M.S. Ranjbar, 2021 Details on the histomorphological characteristics of marine sea pen, Virgularia gustaviana, from the Persian Gulf. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 45:735-745.
Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004 Invertebrate Zoology. A functional evolutionary approach. 7th Ed. Brooks/Cole, Thomson Learning learning, Inc. 990 p.
SCIENCENTRE, 2015 Short-quill Sea Pen. http://www.sciencentre.qm.qld.gov.au/Find+out+about/Animals+of+Queensland/Sea+Life/Corals+and+relatives+Cnidaria/Soft+corals+Octocorals/Short-quill+Sea+Pen#.VZzHYPmqqko [Accessed 07/08/2015].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Acanthoptilum oligacis Bayer, 1957. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Acanthoptilum%09oligacis [Accessed 08/09/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Stylatula elegans (Danielssen, 1860). http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Stylatula%09elegans [Accessed 08/09/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Virgularia presbytes Bayer, 1955. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Virgularia%09presbytes [Accessed 08/09/2016].
Tirado-Sanchez, N., A. Chiriboga, D. Ruiz and S. Banks, 2016 CDF Checklist of Galapagos echinoderms - FCD Lista de especies de Equinodermos Galápagos. In Bungartz, F.; Herrera, H.; Jaramillo, P.; Tirado, N.; Jiménez-Uzcátegui, G.; Ruiz, D.; Guézou, A.; Ziemmeck, F. (eds) Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galápagos de la Fundación Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundación Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos.
Vafidis, D., 2010 Checklist of class Anthozoa (Phylum Cnidaria). In Coll, M., et al., 2010. The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns, and threats. PLoS ONE 5(8):36pp.
Van Guelpen, L., G. Pohle, E. Vanden Berghe and M.J. Costello (eds.), 2005 Marine Species Register for the North Atlantic Ocean. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species.
Van Ofwegen, L.P., 2007 Annotated check list of New Caledonian soft corals. In pp. 139-144, Payri, C.E., Richer de Forges, B. (eds) Compendium of marine species of New Caledonia, Doc. Sci. Tech. II7, secondé édition, IRD, Nouméa.
Vedenin, A., M. Gusky, A. Gebruk, A. Kremenetskaia, E. Rybakova and A. Boetius, 2018 Spatial distribution of benthic macrofauna in the Central Arctic Ocean. PLoS ONE 13(10): e0200121.
Wang, Z., 2019 Responses of macrobenthic communities to pollution control and fisheries management measures in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong Baptist University, PhD Thesis, 196 p.
www.meerwasser-lexikon.de, 2015 Seefedern (14). https://www.meerwasser-lexikon.de/kategorie/118.html [Accessed 07/08/2015].
www.reeflex.net, 2015 Sea Pens (14). http://www.reeflex.net/kategorie/118.html [Accessed 07/08/2015].