| Main Ref. | Minchin, D., 2003 |
| Mode | protandry |
| Fertilization | external |
| Spawning Frequency | variable throughout range |
| Batch Spawner | No |
| Reproductive Guild | |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Life cycle: Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam (Ref. 833). Spawning occurs year-round but mainly during spring and autumn (Ref. 106788). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |