Main Ref. | Hines, A.H., 1991 |
Mode | dioecism |
Fertilization | in brood pouch or similar structure |
Spawning Frequency | one clear seasonal peak per year |
Batch Spawner | No |
Reproductive Guild | |
Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Most species produce a single brood each winter but may reach up to two or three broods per year and the reproductive life span is about 4 years. The cumulative number of broods produced over the maximum life span is about 4 broods. |
Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |