Main Ref. | Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004 |
Mode | |
Fertilization | |
Spawning Frequency | |
Batch Spawner | No |
Reproductive Guild | |
Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Members of the phylum Phoronida are mostly hermaphroditic. Life cycle: Embryos develop into free-swimming planktotrophic actinotrocha larvae which later sinks to the bottom and metamorphose into benthic adults. |
Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |