| Main Ref. | Kennedy, M.K., L. Van Guelpen, G. Pohle and L. Bajona (eds.), 2010 |
| Mode | |
| Fertilization | |
| Spawning Frequency | |
| Batch Spawner | No |
| Reproductive Guild | |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Separate sexes, usually not dimorphic in shell structure; fertilization occurs within the mantle cavity and young hatch as pelagic larvae (generalized for group) (Ref. 87872). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |