| 主要參考文獻 | Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004 |
| 模態 | |
| 受精 | external |
| 產卵頻度 | |
| 批次產卵者 | No |
| 生殖同功群 |
nonguarders Open substratum egg scatterers |
| 生命周期與交配行為的描述 | Members of the class Ascidiacea are hermaphroditic; both cross- and self-fertilization is typical. Life cycle: Eggs develop into lecithotrophic larva before metamorphosing into benthic adults. |
| 搜尋有關繁殖更多的參考資料 | Scirus |