Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Others; freshwater; brackish; depth range 0 - 60 m (Ref. 124889). Boreal; 71°N - 36°N, 10°W - 84°E (Ref. 124582)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Inland Asia, the Mediterranean, Pacific and Atlantic Ocean and Arctic. Subtropical to boreal.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 59.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 94965); max. published weight: 1.8 kg (Ref. 356)

Short description Morphology

Culmen: 4.285 cm; tarsus: 4.73 cm; wing: 27.15 cm.

Surface diving; dabbling; coastal. Winters: Norway to Spain, Black, Caspian and Mediterranean Seas; coastal East Asia, south to Japan and China; Atlantic and Pacific coastlines to Baja California, south Carolina, Florida, and Gulf coast (Ref. 356). They breed on wooded coastlines, small freshwater lakes, pools and rivers. They inhabit areas with boulder-covered or small rocky islands available for nesting with extensive herbaceous vegetation, shrubs and low trees. For the non-breeding population, winters are in shallow areas of inshore coastal waters; especially in water inlets where there are large mussel-beds but they also occur in freshwater habitats such as lakes and estuaries during migration (Ref. 83520). Feeds on clams, snails, barnacles, mussels and crabs found along the coast (Ref. 94965).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

BirdLife International. 2010. (Ref. 83520)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Vulnerable (VU) (A2abcde); Date assessed: 01 September 2020

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix II: Migratory species conserved through agreements

Threat to humans

Human uses

| FishSource |

Tools

E-book | Field guide

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items

Common names
Synonyms
Predators
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Morphology
Larvae
Abundance

References
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 4.2 - 17.2, mean 9.2 (based on 2299 cells).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Melanitta fusca (Linnaeus, 1758)