Zoothamnium niveum   Ehrenberg, 1838


Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Zoothamnium niveum  AquaMaps  Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Oligohymenophorea | Sessilida | Zoothamniidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Benthic; brackish.  Tropical

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Western Central Atlantic.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 1.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 87022); common length : 0.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 87023)

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Average length is 0.3 to 0.5 cm (Ref. 87023). The surface of this species is known to be a favorable habitat for sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (Ref. 87023). It inhabits mangrove peat walls in groups of more than 100 colonies, with an estimated group life of approximately 20 days, mainly in areas where microbial surface mat has been destroyed (Ref. 87022). It is found attached to a substrate, particularly in subtidal areas where sulfide sources are present. Large colonies are observed on garbage bags and rotting vegetables found in mangrove ponds. Generally is occupies ephemeral habitats where it is patchily distributed (Ref. 85814). The peritrich ciliate is a filter feeder, and its microzooids possess a fully developed oral ciliature and cytopharynx (Ref. 87023).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Members of the phylum Ciliophora reproduce either through conjugation wherein exchange of genes occur or by budding.

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Rinke, C., S. Schmitz-Esser, K. Stoecker, A.D. Nussbaumer, D.A. Molna´r, K. Vanura, M. Wagner, M. Horn, J.A. Ott and M. Bright. 2006. (Ref. 87022)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Not Evaluated 

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless

Human uses


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Internet sources

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (Go, Search) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models