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Panulirus penicillatus   (Olivier, 1791)

Pronghorn spiny lobster

Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Panulirus penicillatus  AquaMaps  Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Panulirus penicillatus (Pronghorn spiny lobster)
Panulirus penicillatus

Hong Kong country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: never/rarely | Ref:
Regulations: no regulations | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/hk.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Holthuis, L.B., 1991
National Database:

Common names from other countries

‘ula hiwa, ... more

Classification / Names / Names Populaire namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS

> Decapoda (Lobster, shrimp and crabs) > Palinuridae (spiny lobsters)

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

; diepteverspreiding 0 - 200 m (Ref. 96667).   Tropical; 46°N - 39°S, 30°E - 85°W (Ref. 108742)

Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystems | Voorkomen | Introducties

Indo-Pacific.

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: Lm ?, range 5 - 4.99 cm Max length : 40.0 cm TL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 4); common length : 30.0 cm TL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 4)

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (b.v. epibenthic)

It has lengths of 40 cm, maximum total body length; 30 cm, average adult length; Males are usually larger than females (Ref. 4). Maximum depth from Ref. 105425. Occurs at a depth range of 1 to 4 m on rocky substrates. It is usually found in clear waters often in surf zones and in surge channels; often near arid coasts and on small islands. The species is not gregarious and is nocturnal, hiding in the daytime in crevices in the rocks and coral reefs (Ref. 4) and moving at night to surge channels at the reef edge and into shallow reef flats (Ref. 84816). Primarily inhabits outer reef slopes (Refs. 84816, 106196). On rocky subtidal zone. Found in groups of more than 20 in submerged caves and lava tunnels during the day (Ref. 106199). In general, palinurids are mainly carnivores, usually feeding upon sluggish, easily captured animals where most material is eaten alive or freshly killed (Ref. 105260). Associated with a pedunculate barnacle (Ref. 105259).

Life cycle and mating behavior Geslachtsrijpheid | Voortplanting | Kuitschieten | Eieren | Fecundity | Larven

Brood and pelagic duration lasts 1 month (Ref. 81135) and 7.5 months (Ref. 81163), respectively. Also Refs. 81118, 106193.

Voornaamste referentie Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 03 December 2009

Status bij CITES (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: commercieel
| FishSource | Sea Around Us

Tools

E-book | Veldgids

Internet-bronnen

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | GenBank (genoom, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (ga naar, zoek) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 20.1 - 28.3, mean 26.7 (based on 1251 cells).
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 69278) Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (K=0.13-0.58).
Prior r = 1.18, 95% CL = 0.78 - 1.77, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Kwetsbaarheid (Ref. 71543): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766): Very high.