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Panulirus penicillatus   (Olivier, 1791)

Pronghorn spiny lobster

Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Panulirus penicillatus  AquaMaps  Data sources: GBIF OBIS
muatnaik fotos/gambar 
 | Semua gambar | imej Google |
Image of Panulirus penicillatus (Pronghorn spiny lobster)
Panulirus penicillatus

Thailand country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: never/rarely | Ref:
Regulations: no regulations | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Holthuis, L.B., 1991
National Database:

Common names from other countries

‘ula hiwa, ... more

Classification / Names / Names Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS

> Decapoda (Lobster, shrimp and crabs) > Palinuridae (spiny lobsters)

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 200 m (Ref. 96667).   Tropical; 46°N - 39°S, 30°E - 85°W (Ref. 108742)

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Introduksi

Indo-Pacific.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: Lm ?, range 5 - 4.99 cm Max length : 40.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 4); common length : 30.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 4)

Biologi     Daftar kata (contoh epibenthic)

It has lengths of 40 cm, maximum total body length; 30 cm, average adult length; Males are usually larger than females (Ref. 4). Maximum depth from Ref. 105425. Occurs at a depth range of 1 to 4 m on rocky substrates. It is usually found in clear waters often in surf zones and in surge channels; often near arid coasts and on small islands. The species is not gregarious and is nocturnal, hiding in the daytime in crevices in the rocks and coral reefs (Ref. 4) and moving at night to surge channels at the reef edge and into shallow reef flats (Ref. 84816). Primarily inhabits outer reef slopes (Refs. 84816, 106196). On rocky subtidal zone. Found in groups of more than 20 in submerged caves and lava tunnels during the day (Ref. 106199). In general, palinurids are mainly carnivores, usually feeding upon sluggish, easily captured animals where most material is eaten alive or freshly killed (Ref. 105260). Associated with a pedunculate barnacle (Ref. 105259).

Life cycle and mating behavior Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva

Brood and pelagic duration lasts 1 month (Ref. 81135) and 7.5 months (Ref. 81163), respectively. Also Refs. 81118, 106193.

rujukan utama Acuan | Koordinator | mitra

Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)

  kurang bimbang (LC) ; Date assessed: 03 December 2009

status CITES (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: komersial
| FishSource | Sea Around Us

Alat, peralatan

E-book | Penuntun lapangan

Sumber internet

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | GenBank (genom, Nukleotida) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (pergi, Cari) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 20.1 - 28.3, mean 26.7 (based on 1251 cells).
Daya lenting (Ref. 69278) Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (K=0.13-0.58).
Prior r = 1.18, 95% CL = 0.78 - 1.77, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
keancaman (Ref. 71543): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
kategori harga (Ref. 80766): Very high.