Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
; diepteverspreiding 5 - 200 m (Ref. 85369), usually 10 - 70 m (Ref. 4). Subtropical; 12°C - 16°C (Ref. 114562), preferred 11°C (Ref. 107945); 61°N - 27°N, 32°W - 36°E (Ref. 114562)
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: from Norway to Morocco. Subtropical to temperate.
Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 10.0, range 7 - 8 cm Max length : 50.0 cm TL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 441); common length : 40.0 cm BASL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 441); Maximaal vermelde leeftijd: 15 jaren (Ref. 85318)
Traditionally caught by traps, pots and sometimes by hand (e.g., diving and spearing; Refs. 441, 85369), but these gears were eventually replaced with trammel nets (Ref. 85369). Minimum depth from Ref. 4.
Breeds once a year between June and October. Larger females mate and lay eggs earlier during breeding season while smaller females spawn towards the end (Ref. 85364).
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Status bij CITES (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
FAO - Visserij: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Tools
Internet-bronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7.7 - 19.6, mean 11.9 (based on 808 cells).
Weerstandsvermogen
Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.13-0.21; tm=4; tmax=15).
Prior r = 0.22, 95% CL = 0.14 - 0.33, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Kwetsbaarheid
Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).