Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
; تغييرات عمق 0 - 90 m (مرجع 441). Tropical, preferred 27°C (مرجع 107945); 35°N - 24°S, 97°W - 11°E (مرجع 4)
Atlantic Ocean.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm 8.3, range 7 - 8.1 cm Max length : 45.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 4); common length : 20.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 4); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 15 سال ها (مرجع 129472)
Longevity from Ref. 129472 (Supplementary material). Occurs at depths down to 90 m, perhaps even deeper; usually inhabits shallow waters and found among rocks, on reefs, eelgrass beds or in any habitat that provides protection. The species is gregarious and migratory. Females move to deeper water for spawning and there are mass migrations in the autumn when the animals, in single files up to 50 individuals, move in a certain direction in daytime, each animal having body contact with the next through the antennae; In the northern part of its range, larvae are found mainly from June to December (Ref. 4).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Females move to deeper water for spawning and there are mass migrations in the autumn when the animals, in single files up to 50 individuals, move in a certain direction in daytime, each animal having body contact with the next through the antennae; In the northern part of its range, larvae are found mainly from June to December (Ref. 4).
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (مرجع 4)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN
(مرجع 130435: Version 2024-2)
وضعيت از نظر سايتس (مرجع 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
FAO - ماهي گيري – شيلات: landings, نمايه گونه | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
ابزارها
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 23.7 - 28, mean 26.7 (based on 346 cells).
جهندگی
متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.16-0.39; tm=4).
Prior r = 0.82, 95% CL = 0.54 - 1.23, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
آسيب پذيری
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).