Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
Bentopelágico; intervalo de profundidade 20 - 828 m (Ref. 8), usually 100 - 400 m (Ref. 8). Subtropical; 8°C - 15°C (Ref. 804), preferred 24°C (Ref. 107945); 48°N - 19°S, 98°W - 37°E
Atlantic and the Mediterranean: from USA to French Guiana, the entire Mediterranean and from Portugal to Namibia.
Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 2.4, range 1 - 2.8 cm Max length : 16.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 8); 19 cm TL (female); common length : 14.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 8); common length :16 cm TL (female); Idade máx. registada: 3.00 anos (Ref. 80253)
Demersal (Ref. 85316). Maximum depth range from Ref. 114857; minimum common depth from Ref. 80253. Maximum total length (female) from Ref. 104052 Prefers mud or muddy sand substrates (Ref. 8). Juveniles settle at around 100 m, though can be detected up to 300 m, while larger individuals are always found deeper than 350 m (Ref. 80253). Feeds on benthic organisms (clams, mysids and small crangonids; Ref. 434). Also occurs in pelagic depths between 100 to 200 m (Ref. 92299). Opportunistic predator (Ref. 112170).
The species has a life cycle of 2 to 3 years (Ref. 80253). Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833).
Holthuis, L.B. 1980. (Ref. 8)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Categoria CITES (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Utilização humana
Pescarias: espécies comerciais
FAO - pescarias: landings, perfil da espécie | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Ferramentas
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 9.4 - 19.5, mean 14 (based on 393 cells).
Resiliência
Elevada, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população menor que 15 meses (K=0.44-2; tm=0.6; tmax=3).
Prior r = 1.40, 95% CL = 0.92 - 2.10, Based on 15 full stock assessments.
Vulnerabilidade
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).