Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
; εύρος βάθους 0 - 150 m (Ref. 4), usually ? - 50 m (Ref. 4). Subtropical, preferred 12°C (Ref. 107945); 69°N - 29°N, 28°W - 32°E (Ref. 4)
Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea. Not in east of Crete and in the Baltic Sea.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm 8.9, range 8 - 8.3 cm Max length : 65.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 441); common length : 40.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 441); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 6.0 kg (Ref. 4); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 72 έτη (Ref. 81081)
Common total length: 23 to 50 cm. Occurs on the continental shelf at depths of 0 to 150 m, usually not deeper than 50 m. Found on hard substrates such as rock or hard mud. Nocturnal and territorial living in holes or crevices. Females with eggs are usually found throughout the year. The eggs are laid around July and carried for 10 to 11 months (Ref. 4). Indiscriminate scavengers, omnivorous or carnivorous. Feeds primarily on malacostracan crustaceans, gastropod mollusks, and polychaete annelids; but diet known to include carrion, echinoderms, lamellibranchs and plant matter (Ref. 96319).
Females with eggs are usually found throughout the year. The eggs are laid around July and carried for 10 to 11 months (Ref. 4). Coupling occurs a few days after the female molts (Ref. 80921).
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Human uses
αλιεία: πολύ εμπορικό; Υδατοκαλλιέργειες: πειραματικό
FAO - αλιεία: landings, species profile | FishSource | Η θάλασσα γύρω μας
Εργαλεία
Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7.7 - 13.3, mean 10.4 (based on 494 cells).
Ελαστικότητα
Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (K=0.79-1.0; Fec=13,000).
Prior r = 0.37, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.56, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).