Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
; intervalo de profundidade 0 - 150 m (Ref. 4), usually ? - 50 m (Ref. 4). Subtropical, preferred 12°C (Ref. 107945); 69°N - 29°N, 28°W - 32°E (Ref. 4)
Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea. Not in east of Crete and in the Baltic Sea.
Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 8.9, range 8 - 8.3 cm Max length : 65.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 441); common length : 40.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 441); Peso máx. publicado: 6.0 kg (Ref. 4); Idade máx. registada: 72 anos (Ref. 81081)
Common total length: 23 to 50 cm. Occurs on the continental shelf at depths of 0 to 150 m, usually not deeper than 50 m. Found on hard substrates such as rock or hard mud. Nocturnal and territorial living in holes or crevices. Females with eggs are usually found throughout the year. The eggs are laid around July and carried for 10 to 11 months (Ref. 4). Indiscriminate scavengers, omnivorous or carnivorous. Feeds primarily on malacostracan crustaceans, gastropod mollusks, and polychaete annelids; but diet known to include carrion, echinoderms, lamellibranchs and plant matter (Ref. 96319).
Females with eggs are usually found throughout the year. The eggs are laid around July and carried for 10 to 11 months (Ref. 4). Coupling occurs a few days after the female molts (Ref. 80921).
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Categoria CITES (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Utilização humana
Pescarias: altamente comercial; Aquacultura: experimental
FAO - pescarias: landings, perfil da espécie | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Ferramentas
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7.7 - 13.3, mean 10.4 (based on 494 cells).
Resiliência
Elevada, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população menor que 15 meses (K=0.79-1.0; Fec=13,000).
Prior r = 0.37, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.56, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Vulnerabilidade
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).