Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 深度上下限 0 - 90 m (Ref. 441). , preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 35°N - 24°S, 97°W - 11°E (Ref. 4)
分布
國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 簡介
Atlantic Ocean.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 8.3, range 7 - 8.1 cm Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4); 最大年齡: 15 年 (Ref. 129472)
Longevity from Ref. 129472 (Supplementary material).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Females move to deeper water for spawning and there are mass migrations in the autumn when the animals, in single files up to 50 individuals, move in a certain direction in daytime, each animal having body contact with the next through the antennae; In the northern part of its range, larvae are found mainly from June to December (Ref. 4).
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
FAO - 漁業: landings, 魚種描繪 | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | 周邊海洋
工具
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 23.7 - 28, mean 26.7 (based on 346 cells).
回復力
中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.16-0.39; tm=4).
Prior r = 0.82, 95% CL = 0.54 - 1.23, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
瀕危性
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
