Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 90 m (Ref. 441). Tropical, preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 35°N - 24°S, 97°W - 11°E (Ref. 4)
Atlantic Ocean.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 8.3, range 7 - 8.1 cm Max length : 45.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 4); common length : 20.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 4); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 15 Tahun (Ref. 129472)
Longevity from Ref. 129472 (Supplementary material).
Females move to deeper water for spawning and there are mass migrations in the autumn when the animals, in single files up to 50 individuals, move in a certain direction in daytime, each animal having body contact with the next through the antennae; In the northern part of its range, larvae are found mainly from June to December (Ref. 4).
rujukan utama
Acuan | Koordinator | mitra
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
status CITES (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
FAO - Perikanan: landings, profail spesis | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Alat, peralatan
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 23.7 - 28, mean 26.7 (based on 346 cells).
Daya lenting
sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.16-0.39; tm=4).
Prior r = 0.82, 95% CL = 0.54 - 1.23, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
keancaman
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).