Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 深度上下限 0 - 90 m (Ref. 441). , preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 35°N - 24°S, 97°W - 11°E (Ref. 4)
分布
国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 简介
Atlantic Ocean.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 8.3, range 7 - 8.1 cm Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4); 最大年龄: 15 年 (Ref. 129472)
Longevity from Ref. 129472 (Supplementary material).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Females move to deeper water for spawning and there are mass migrations in the autumn when the animals, in single files up to 50 individuals, move in a certain direction in daytime, each animal having body contact with the next through the antennae; In the northern part of its range, larvae are found mainly from June to December (Ref. 4).
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
FAO - 渔业: landings, 物种外形 | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | 周边海洋
工具
网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 23.7 - 28, mean 26.7 (based on 346 cells).
回复力
中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.16-0.39; tm=4).
Prior r = 0.82, 95% CL = 0.54 - 1.23, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
脆弱性
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
