Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 深度上下限 0 - 600 m (Ref. 78657). , preferred 11°C (Ref. 107945); 85°N - 36°N, 110°W - 45°E
Arctic, Northern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Atlantic Ocean. Temperate to polar climates.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 5 - 7.2 cm Max length : 10.2 cm SHL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 360); common length : 5.1 cm SHL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 360)
Shell: not very thick, solid, conical spire, generally high, sometimes rather flattened spires, very convex whorls and markedly impressed suture; ovoidal aperture, outer lip is not thickened or toothed, lacks inner folds; columellar lip has a fairly striking callus, partly adheres to the ventral surface of the body whorl; sculpture has almost equidistant spiral grooves and quite big axial ribs that tend to fade at the edge of the body whorl and are generally sinous; yellowish white or light hazel in color; periostracum is light chestnut in color and not very resistant; operculum is horny, smaller than the aperture, has a central nucleus. Body: large foot, whole body cream with blackish patches; head has a pair of tentacles with an eye at the base of each, long proboscis; well-developed siphon; radula is rachnioglossan.
Maximum depth from Ref. 106864.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Females gather in groups to deposit eggs in a communal mass of egg capsules where veligers develop and metamorphose inside and later hatch out as young individuals (Ref. 360).
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Harms, J. 1993. (Ref. 2711)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
FAO - 漁業: landings, 魚種描繪 | FishSource | 周邊海洋
工具
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7 - 11.8, mean 9.8 (based on 337 cells).
回復力
中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.2-0.22; tm=7.5).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
瀕危性
Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
