Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Sống nổi và đáy; Mức độ sâu 20 - 828 m (Ref. 8), usually 100 - 400 m (Ref. 8). Subtropical; 8°C - 15°C (Ref. 804), preferred 24°C (Ref. 107945); 48°N - 19°S, 98°W - 37°E
Atlantic and the Mediterranean: from USA to French Guiana, the entire Mediterranean and from Portugal to Namibia.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm 2.4, range 1 - 2.8 cm Max length : 16.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 8); 19 cm TL (female); common length : 14.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 8); common length :16 cm TL (female); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 3.00 các năm (Ref. 80253)
Demersal (Ref. 85316). Maximum depth range from Ref. 114857; minimum common depth from Ref. 80253. Maximum total length (female) from Ref. 104052 Prefers mud or muddy sand substrates (Ref. 8). Juveniles settle at around 100 m, though can be detected up to 300 m, while larger individuals are always found deeper than 350 m (Ref. 80253). Feeds on benthic organisms (clams, mysids and small crangonids; Ref. 434). Also occurs in pelagic depths between 100 to 200 m (Ref. 92299). Opportunistic predator (Ref. 112170).
The species has a life cycle of 2 to 3 years (Ref. 80253). Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833).
Holthuis, L.B. 1980. (Ref. 8)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
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