Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 深度上下限 0 - 242 m (Ref. 1695), usually 0 - 50 m (Ref. 88010). , preferred 21°C (Ref. 107945); 62°N - 4°N, 32°W - 37°E (Ref. 1695)
分布
国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 简介
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: from the Shetlands and southern Norway (stray in the Baltic Sea), south to the Mediterranean Sea to northwestern Africa.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 9 - ? cm Max length : 49.0 cm ML 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1695); 最大体重: 4.0 kg (Ref. 1695)
In temperate waters, maximum mantle length is 49 cm and up to 4 kg in weight. In the subtropics, maximum mantle length is 30 cm and up to 2 kg in weight (Ref. 1695). Common size: 15.0 to 25.0 cm (West Saharan fisheries; Ref. 275). One of the most important species for cephalopod fisheries in many countries but have been observed in recent years that it is heavily fished, e.g., Mediterranean (Ref. 1695). Also, a highly valued item especially in Japan, Korea, Italy and Spain (Ref. 1695). Maximum depth range from Ref. 114857.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults (Ref. 833).
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Schneider, W. 1990. (Ref. 417)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
FAO - 养殖: 产生; 渔业: landings, 物种外形 | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | 周边海洋
工具
网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 8.4 - 19.7, mean 11.3 (based on 1048 cells).
回复力
高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.58-0.63; tm=1).
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.76, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
脆弱性
Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
