| Main Ref. | Bartley, D.M. (comp./ed.), 2006 |
| To | United States of America |
| FAO area | |
| From | Pacific, Northwest |
| FAO area | |
| Year | 1986 |
| Range | |
| Period | 1975-present |
| Established in the Wild | yes, self reproducing |
| Established in Aquaculture | |
| Significant Ecological Interactions | yes - adverse |
| Significant Socio-economic Effects | |
| Introduced by | other introducer |
| Reason | ballast water |
| Other Reason | |
| Comments | Introduced in San Francisco bay by ballast waters; it has spread dramatically and represents a major biotic alteration (Carlton et al., 1990; Nichols et al., 1990). |