Ascidiacea |
Stolidobranchia |
Molgulidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Sessile; depth range 0 - 80 m (Ref. 1603). Temperate
Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 8.0 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref. 1603)
Unattached on sand or gravel; from low water level to about 80 meters (Ref. 1603).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the class Ascidiacea are hermaphroditic; both cross- and self-fertilization is typical. Life cycle: Eggs develop into lecithotrophic larva before metamorphosing into benthic adults.
de Kluijver, M.J. and S.S. Ingalsuo. 2006. (Ref. 1603)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
Population dynamicsGrowth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 8.5 - 12.7, mean 10.5 (based on 434 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.