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Monanchora arbuscula

Common name (e.g. turtle)

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Monanchora arbuscula   (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)


Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Monanchora arbuscula  AquaMaps  Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Monanchora arbuscula

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Demospongiae | Poecilosclerida | Crambeidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Reef-associated; brackish; depth range 2 - 58 m (Ref. 108813).  Tropical

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Western Atlantic.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 80.0 cm H male/unsexed; (Ref. 415)

Short description Morphology

Encrusting, massive: 0.2 - 4 cm or ramose: 50 - 80 cm high. Dark red externally and internally. Surface has a transparent-whitish membrane, with radial canals that converge in oscula: 0.3 - 2 cm in diameter (Ref. 415). Low or tall masses in bushy, rounded or fan-shaped forms; occassional short tube-like lobes ending in oscules. Short, irregular branched extensions, or ridges or lumps, supported by subdermal skeletal elements. Elevated oscules. Transparent exhalant canal systems may converge around oscules, revealing red to red-orange interior color, but collapses and becomes inconspicuos when animal is taken out of water. Soft tissue consistency; exudate stains fingers when handled. Tough skeleton. Plumose tracts of the principal subtylostyles support encrusting specimens at the base; while a central meshwork of plumose spicules surrounded by spongin are present in thicker, bushy, massive and fan-shaped specimens (Ref. 85482).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Common on species in shallow reefs. In cryptic habitats it grows as thin crust (Ref. 415); may encrust dead corals, mollusk shells and gorgonian axes. Also on hard bottoms (Ref. 85482) and mangrove ponds (Ref. 86789).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Members of the class Demospongiae are hermaphroditic. Life cycle: The zygote develops into parenchymella larva (free-swimming) before settling down on a substrate where it grows into a young sponge.

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Collin, R., M.C. Díaz, J. Norenburg, R.M. Rocha, J.A. Sánchez, M. Schulze, A. Schwartz and A. Valdés. 2005. (Ref. 415)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

  Not Evaluated 

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless

Human uses


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Internet sources

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (Go, Search) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 23.6 - 28, mean 26.5 (based on 194 cells).
Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

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