Polychaeta |
Spionida |
Spionidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Benthic; brackish; depth range 2 - 5 m (Ref. 87155). Subtropical; 27°C - 28°C (Ref. 87155)
Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Minimum depth range from Belize (Ref. 87155). Maximum depth from Ref. 83919.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the class Polychaeta are mostly gonochoric (sexual). Mating: Females produce a pheromone attracting and signalling the males to shed sperm which in turn stimulates females to shed eggs, this behavior is known as swarming. Gametes are spawned through the metanephridia or body wall rupturing (termed as "epitoky", wherein a pelagic, reproductive individual, "epitoke", is formed from a benthic, nonreproductive individual, "atoke"). After fertilization, most eggs become planktonic; although some are retained in the worm tubes or burrowed in jelly masses attached to the tubes (egg brooders). Life Cycle: Eggs develop into trocophore larva, which later metamorph into juvenile stage (body lengthened), and later develop into adults.
Sato-Okoshi, W. 2000. (Ref. 1046)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
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Tools
More information
Trophic EcologyFood items
Diet
Food consumption
Ration
Predators
Population dynamicsGrowthAge/SizeLength-weightLength-lengthLength-frequenciesMass conversionRecruitmentAbundance Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvaeLarval dynamics Human RelatedAquaculture profile
Stamps, Coins Misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 9.1 - 25, mean 14.2 (based on 1781 cells).
Price category
Unknown.