Pycnogonida | 
Pantopoda | 
Ammotheidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Benthic; depth range 0 - 200 m (Ref. 1456).  Subtropical			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Indo-West Pacific:  New Zealand, Australia and Macquarie Island.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						Trunk:  no mediodorsal tubercles or swellings, lateral processes separated by less than their diameters. With laterodistal spines.  Ocular tubercle:  short, with small apical cone.  Eyes:  no pigment.  Proboscis:   short, distally rounded to small mouth.  Abdomen:  erect, long, with small but distinct dorsodistal tubercle.  Palp:  long, segments longer than their diameters, with few to ventral setae.  Chelae:  atrophied to bumps, scapes short.  Ovigers:  typical of genus.  Legs:  with setae in rows, longer than others.  Femoral cement gland tube:  well distal, small with very short tube.  Propodus:  with 3 large heel spines, shorter sole spines.  Main claw:  robust, long, with auxiliary claws longer than half main claw length (Ref. 9).					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Ecology:  Coastal to shelf (Ref. 19).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Members of the class Pycnogonida are gonochoric and sexually dimorphic.  During copulation, male usually suspends itself beneath the female.  Fertilization occurs as the eggs leave the female's ovigers.  Males brood the egg masses until they hatch.  Life cycle:  Eggs hatch into protonymphon larva then to adults.				
			
			
			
			
			
				Child, C.A. 1998 The marine fauna of New Zealand: Pycnogonida (sea spiders). NIWA Biodiversity Memoire 109. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). Washington, D.C. 20530, USA. 71 p. + Figure 2A-G, 3A-F, 4, 5. (Ref. 9)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
  Population dynamicsGrowth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
  Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  				 
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 10.2 - 18.3, mean 16 (based on 244 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.