Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Cephalopoda | Octopoda | Eledonidae | Eledoninae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Benthic; depth range 5 - 500 m (Ref. 96968), usually 60 - 120 m (Ref. 96968). Subtropical, preferred 18°C (Ref. 107945); 70°N - 30°N, 26°W - 22°E (Ref. 275)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m 11.1, range 7 - 16.5 cm Max length : 55.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 96968); max. published weight: 1.2 kg (Ref. 275)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Male spermatangia reach ovary before the release of sperms (Ref. 2569). Also Ref. 80232.

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen. 1984. (Ref. 275)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 23 July 2014

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fisheries: highly commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Tools

E-book | Field guide

More information

Trophic Ecology

Food items
Diet
Food consumption
Ration
Predators

Ecology

Ecology
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Population dynamics

Growth
Age/Size
Length-weight
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Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
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Life cycle

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Maturity
Fecundity
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Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics

Distribution

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
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Introductions

Human Related

Aquaculture profile
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Taxonomy

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Synonyms
Morphology
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References

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 6.8 - 14.3, mean 9.7 (based on 658 cells).

Prior r = 0.88, 95% CL = 0.58 - 1.33, Based on 1 full stock assessment.

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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