Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Pelagic; brackish. Temperate; 0°N - 90°S, 180°W - 180°E

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Southwest Atlantic: Argentina and Brazil. [Rio Grande do Sul/Uruguay population: IUCN 2010 (Ref. 84930): VU, A2d.]

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 163 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 1394); 177 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 34.0 kg (Ref. 1394)

Found in coastal areas, but may be found in some estuaries and sporadically enter the la Plata river. Feeds mostly near the bottom on several species of fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans (Ref. 1394).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber. 1993. (Ref. 1394)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Vulnerable (VU) (A3d); Date assessed: 14 August 2017

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix I & II: Endangered migratory species conserved through agreements

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Tools

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More information

Trophic Ecology

Food items
Diet
Food consumption
Ration
Predators

Ecology

Ecology
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Population dynamics

Growth
Age/Size
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
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Life cycle

Reproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics

Distribution

Countries
FAO areas
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Occurrences
Introductions

Human Related

Aquaculture profile
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Outreach

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Taxonomy

Common names
Synonyms
Morphology
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References

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 12 - 24.7, mean 16.1 (based on 318 cells).

Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.33-1.14).

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

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