Aves |
Sphenisciformes |
Spheniscidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Others. Polar
Southeast Pacific, Southwest Atlantic and the Antarctic. Temperate to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 70.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 91362); common length : 70.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 4.6 kg (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 5.77 cm; tarsus: 2.62 cm.
Total population is over 11,650,000 pairs, and with an increasing trend (Ref. 84934). This is a gregarious, noisy and aggressive species. It breeds in large colonies but smaller ones may be found in Rockhopper rookeries (Ref. 91362). Pursuit diving (Ref. 356).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Harrison, P. 1987 Seabirds of the world: a photographic guide. Christopher Helm, Hong Kong, 317p. (Ref. 91362)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
Tools
More information
Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 71543) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100). |
Price category (Ref. 80766): |
Unknown. |